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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and increased risk of angina, heart attack, and ischemia.
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A stroke is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing brain cell death and potential long-term disability or death. It’s a medical emergency requiring immediate action. Types of Stroke Types: Strokes are mainly classified into two categories: Ischemic Stroke Ischemic (about 87% of cases), caused by a blood clot blocking a brain […]
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, often due to atherosclerosis or other structural issues. Core Definition:-CVDs include conditions like coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and deep vein thrombosis. They represent a leading global cause of death, linked to risk factors such […]
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A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing tissue damage from oxygen deprivation. The first line of emergency treatment for myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack. Causes Causes: Coronary artery disease from atherosclerosis leads to plaque buildup and rupture, forming clots […]
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Zika virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, requires integrated strategies focusing on Vector Control Strategies Vector Control Strategies: – Personal Protection Personal Protection:- Use DEET (20% to 50%), IR3535 (Insect Repellent 3535), oil of lemon eucalyptus, or picaridin repellents on exposed skin and clothing, reapplying as directed; prioritize during daytime when Aedes are active. Wear […]
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Zika virus has no truly ancient history, as it was first identified in the mid-20th century during research on yellow fever in Africa. Scientists from the yellow fever research institute funded by the Rockefeller Foundation first isolated the Zika virus in 1947. Discovery of Zika Virus Discovery:- Scientists isolated the Zika virus in April 1947 […]
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Transmission Of Zika Virus Zika virus primarily circulates through a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and forest-dwelling Aedes mosquitoes, but human outbreaks follow an urban transmission cycle with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as key vectors. Aedes mosquitoes act as the definitive host, and humans as the amplifying host. This cycle involves an extrinsic period […]
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Zika Virus Symptoms. Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite mostly during the daytime. Most people with Zika virus infection do not develop symptoms (up to 80% of people are asymptomatic). In symptomatic cases, the illness is usually mild and self-limiting. When symptoms occur, they include mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and […]
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Zika Virus Structure Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that primarily spreads through bites from infected Aedes mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. It belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus. The Zika virus structure consists of a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome enclosed in an icosahedral nucleocapsid, surrounded by a lipid […]
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Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Management of Zika Virus. Diagnosis Infection with Zika virus may be suspected based on symptoms of persons living in or visiting areas with higher Zika virus transmission and/or Aedes mosquito vector density. A diagnosis of Zika virus infection can only be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body […]
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