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Communicable Diseases

Transmission Cycle of  Chikungunya Virus 

CHIKV Transmission Cycle (Human-Aedes-Human-Aedes) The transmission cycle of Chikungunya fever primarily involves the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti & Aedes albopictus. This cycle circulates in two transmission ways: an enzootic sylvatic cycle in Africa and Asia involving forest mosquitoes and nonhuman primates (e.g., African monkeys, rodents, and birds act as amplification […]

  • krushna
  • December 16, 2025
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  • 137 Views
Communicable Diseases

Key Structure Of Chikungunya Virus

Chikungunya Virus Structure The ‘Chikungunya virus  (CHIKV)’ is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus and the family ‘Togavirus.’ Its virion size ranges from 60 nm to 70 nm in diameter, and it has an icosahedral capsid structure surrounded by a lipid envelope. Key Structure Component 1) Genome Approximately 11.6 kb […]

  • krushna
  • December 12, 2025
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  • 137 Views
Ancient History of Chikungunya Fever
Communicable Diseases

Ancient History of Chikungunya Fever

A) Ancient History of Chikungunya Fever  disease was first formally described in detail during an outbreak in 1952-1953 on the Makonde Plateau in the country of Tanzania. The name Chikungunya comes from the Mokonde language, meaning “that which bends up,” referring to the severe joint pain causing contorted postures in patients.  In the 18th century chikungunya […]

  • krushna
  • December 11, 2025
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  • 192 Views
Treatment of Dengue Fever
Communicable Diseases

Treatment of Dengue Fever

Prevention is better than cure. No drug or vaccine is available for the treatment of dengue/DHF. The control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the only method of choice. With early detection and proper case management and systematic treatment, mortality can be reduced substantially. Main Principles of Treatment Care for Severe Dengue Special Considerations Important […]

  • krushna
  • December 8, 2025
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  • 145 Views
Communicable Diseases

Aedes Mosquito Survey Method

To collect adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from house to house, trained insect collectors follow specific methods with attention to timing and mosquito behavior. A) Ideal Method OR Insect collectors should collect mosquitoes daily at 10 houses. Spend 15 minutes at each house, collecting mosquitoes for a total duration of 2:30 hours.Store the collected mosquitoes in […]

  • krushna
  • December 8, 2025
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  • 175 Views
Communicable Diseases

Guidelines For Preparing Temephos Mother Solution 

The following are the guidelines for preparing and using the temephos mother solution to control the larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes found in clean water storage containers.  This mother solution is to be prepared for use in clean water storage places such as cement tanks, wells, clay tanks, barrels, drums, and similar sites […]

  • krushna
  • December 4, 2025
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  • 159 Views
Communicable Diseases

Fogging guidelines for dengue fever survey

Fogging guidelines for dengue fever vector (Aedes egypti) control focus on timely, targeted application of insecticides to reduce Aedes mosquito populations and interrupt virus transmission. Details of operational principles commonly recommended in dengue fever outbreaks are given below. Method for Door-to-Door Fogging in the Village:   Indoor fogging should be conducted to kill Aedes aegypti mosquitoes […]

  • krushna
  • December 4, 2025
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  • 166 Views
Communicable Diseases

Tourniquet Test for Dengue Fever

The World Health Organization has included the use of the tourniquet test for the diagnosis of dengue infection. The accuracy of the tourniquet test for dengue fever varies, with some studies showing a sensitivity of around 90% and a specificity of about 72%, while others report a lower sensitivity of around 60% and a higher […]

  • krushna
  • December 2, 2025
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  • 229 Views
Effective Vector Control Measures for Dengue Fever Prevention
Communicable Diseases

Effective Vector Control Measures for Dengue Fever Prevention

Prevention is better than cure. So vector control is the primary strategy for preventing dengue virus transmission, as there is currently no specific antiviral treatment and vaccination coverage remains limited in most endemic areas. The management of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome is very difficult to avoid death. The main targets are Aedes aegypti […]

  • krushna
  • December 1, 2025
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  • 138 Views
Communicable Diseases

Dengue Prevention Strategies in High-Burden Countries

Effective prevention and control strategies used (dengue fever) in high-burden countries High-burden countries employ a range of integrated, multi-pronged strategies for effective prevention and control vector-borne diseases like dengue fever Integrated Vector Management (IVM ) Major countries such as Brazil, Thailand, and India  use IVM approaches combining targeted insecticide use, source reduction, biological control, and […]

  • krushna
  • November 25, 2025
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  • 140 Views

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