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Malaria Through the Ages: A Historical Overview

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Biology of Malaria Transmission

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Role of  Community Health Workers

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Public Health & Epidemics

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common, contagious virus from the herpesviridae family that causes lifelong infections, primarily oral or genital sores. Definition HSV is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects humans, establishing latency in nerve cells after initial infection and reactivating periodically. Causes It spreads via direct skin-to-skin contact, including kissing, oral sex, or […]

  • krushna
  • March 21, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Role of Trichomoniasis in HIV Transmission.

How Does Trichomoniasis Increase HIV Transmission Risk How does Trichomoniasis increase HIV transmission risk? Trichomoniasis heightens HIV transmission risk by causing genital inflammation and mucosal damage, creating easier entry points for the virus during sexual contact. Studies quantify this as roughly a 1.5-fold increase in HIV acquisition odds. Biological Mechanisms The parasite induces inflammation, drawing […]

  • krushna
  • March 20, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Trichomoniasis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Trichomoniasis, often called “trich,” is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It primarily affects the genital tract, leading to vaginitis in women with symptoms like persistent discharge, itching, and burning during urination, though many cases, up to 70%, are asymptomatic. Definition Trichomoniasis is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan […]

  • krushna
  • March 16, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Treponema Pallidum: Structure and Life Cycle Of Syphilis

Treponema pallidum, the bacterium causing syphilis, has a distinctive helical spirochete structure adapted for motility and host invasion. Structure of Treponema pallidum Cell Morphology It appears as a thin 0.1 to 0.2 μm diameter, flexible, coiled rod 6 to 20 μm long with 6 to 14 regular spirals; it is non-motile outside the host but […]

  • krushna
  • March 13, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Syphilis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Syphilis is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Treponema pallidum, progressing through stages if untreated. Definition Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection primarily spread through sexual contact, capable of causing severe organ damage if not treated early. Causes It is spread via vaginal, anal, or oral sex; from mother to baby during pregnancy […]

  • krushna
  • March 13, 2026
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  • 23 Views
Public Health & Epidemics

Structure and Life Cycle of Gonorrhea

Structure Of Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus. Its structure enables infection through specific surface features and mechanisms. Neisseria gonorrhoeae appears as paired kidney bean-shaped bacteria under a microscope. It is an obligate human pathogen that thrives on mucosal surfaces. Cell Envelope The bacteria has a typical gram-negative […]

  • krushna
  • March 5, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Gonorrhea Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Gonorrhea is a common, preventable, and curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily spreads through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex and can lead to serious complications if untreated. Definition Gonorrhea, also known as the clap, infects the genitals, rectum, throat, or eyes via sexual contact or from mother […]

  • krushna
  • February 26, 2026
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  • 18 Views
Public Health & Epidemics

Chlamydia Trachomatis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

Chlamydia refers to a common bacterial infection, primarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It often goes unnoticed due to a lack of symptoms but can lead to serious complications if untreated. Definition Definition:- Chlamydia is an infection caused by the bacteria of the genus Chlamydia, especially C. trachomatis, a gram-negative intracellular […]

  • krushna
  • February 26, 2026
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Public Health & Epidemics

Global Burden of RTIs and STIs: Epidemiology, DALYs & Prevention

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major global health challenge, with STIs alone causing over 374 million new curable cases annually, according to WHO estimates. RTI encompasses a broader category that includes STIs plus non-sexually transmitted infections. Magnitude of STI Disease Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as STDs, affect […]

  • krushna
  • February 25, 2026
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  • 22 Views

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