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Communicable Diseases

Procedure for Impregnating a Mosquito Net with Insecticide (ITN)

The process of impregnation, or treating the net with insecticide (ITN), is detailed below: 1. Collect Instruments and Supplies Gather the following items: 2. Preparation The mosquito net must be washed and dried properly beforehand to ensure it is clean. 3. Mix the Solution Mix the solution thoroughly with a gloved hand. 4. Soak the […]

Communicable Diseases

Key Structure and Types of Dengue Virus (DENV)

Overview of Dengue Virus The dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirus genus. Its genome is approximately 10,700 nucleotides long, coding for three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Structural Proteins The DENV structural proteins are  1. Capsid (C) A small protein (around 100 amino acids) that forms the […]

Communicable Diseases

The Ancient History of Dengue Fever

The ancient history of dengue fever dates back many centuries: Origins of Dengue Virus and Early Animal Hosts The dengue virus (DENV) originated from ancestral sylvatic viruses circulating in non-human primates in Africa and Southeast Asia. Genetic studies suggest that the four serotypes of dengue virus (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) independently evolved from these […]

Magnitude of the Dengue Problem: Global Overview
Communicable Diseases

Magnitude of the Dengue Problem: Global Overview

Dengue fever currently represents a major and escalating global public health crisis, with a record-breaking number of cases and deaths reported in recent years. Current/Recent Global Trends Scale and Geographic Spread Disease Burden and Impact Key Drivers Dengue expansion is fueled by the global distribution of its mosquito vectors like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, […]

Communicable Diseases

Night Blood Smear (NBS) Collection in the Filariasis Program

Night Blood Surveillance Night blood smear collection (NBS) is essential for detecting microfilaria on a regular basis in the filariasis program due to their nocturnal periodicity in the peripheral blood circulation. The presence of microfilaria in the peripheral blood circulation at night follows a typical nocturnal periodicity pattern. Microfilaria counts rise in the late evening, […]

Drug Schedule on Filariasis
Communicable Diseases

Drug Schedule on Filariasis

Old Drug Schedule (using 50mg DEC tablets) In the filariasis control program, both microfilariae (MF)-positive patients and disease patients are treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) tablets as per the old drug schedule at a dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight for 12 continuous days. However, since weighing the patients every time for treatment is difficult, the […]

Communicable Diseases

Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of Ivermectin, DEC & Albendazole (MDA/IDA)

Overview of India’s MDA Program for Lymphatic Filariasis Goals and Objectives of MDA Basic Principle of the Strategy for Single-Dose Mass DEC Administration The basic principle is twofold: Mass Drug Administration with DEC Single Dose Annually In 2004, the international task force recommended that in mass treatment, DEC be given to almost everyone in the […]

Lymphatic Filariasis
Communicable Diseases

Revised Strategy for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF)

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) in 2000, in response to a World Health Assembly resolution, to address LF as a public health problem. The GPELF aims to stop the spread of infection and alleviate suffering among patients. LF Burden in India At present, 630 million people […]

Filariasis Control Programme in India and Organizational Setup
Communicable Diseases

Filariasis Control Programme in India and Organizational Setup

The National Filaria Control Programme (NFCP) was started in 1955 under the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi, with the following objectives: The NFCP was transferred from NICD to the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) in 1978. The NFCP was evaluated four times by appointed assessment committees in 1961, 1971, 1982, and 1995. Organizational […]

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